Religious Liberty Paper - 1903 Words

Is our society’s strict adherence to religious freedoms costing the lives of innocent children? The Christian Science Church rely on the Establishment Clause and The Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment as granting themselves and their children exemption from medical intervention. But because of their insistence in relying solely on prayer for the healing their sick children, approximately one child a month in the U.S. is known to die from an illness that would have been curable had they had medical attention. 1 Religious liberties of parents might protect their beliefs, but it should not protect their conduct of denying the rights of a child to his or her life. Section 1. of the 14th Amendment states, â€Å"No State shall make or†¦show more content†¦Walker) said the states religious exemption law applied to a neglect statute and not to the manslaughter statute.(Masskids-7) As of 2011, Oregon made it a total of six states , along with Nebraska, Hawaii, Mas sachusetts, Maryland and North Carolina to do away with religious exemptions in civil or criminal code cases pertaining to the medical care of sick or injured children. (Swan finally PDF-8) As American Christians we should rally around Constitutionally protected religious liberties granted under the First Amendment clauses but not those that compromise Bible truths. 1 John 4 says, â€Å" Dear friends, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to determine if they are from God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world.† Cult leaders dazzle the uniformed with the seeming insightfulness in their grasp of the Bible. (Holman Bible – find a way to cite – 9) Christian Science founder Mary Baker Eddy is believed to have received her insights from divine revelation and so her text Science and Health supersede all others including the Bible. (Hoekema-10) She said that she wrote Science and Health to help her befuddled members through intricacies in the Bible they just would not understands and says â€Å"†¦therefore, we recommend that Materia Medica, Physiology, Laws of Health, Mesmerism and Mediumship be given a public execution at the hands of our Sheriff, Progress. The supreme bench decides in favor ofShow MoreRelatedPol 303 Week 5 Final Paper685 Words   |  3 PagesPOL 303 WEEK 5 FINAL PAPER To purchase this visit following link: http://www.activitymode.com/product/pol-303-week-5-final-paper/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM POL 303 WEEK 5 FINAL PAPER POL 303 Week 5 Final Paper Focus of the Final Research Paper In the Final Research Paper, you will use your critical thinking skills to analyze and evaluate a current events topic that has constitutional and political implications. Select from the list below or utilize a topic approvedRead MoreCommunity, Individuals, And Religious Liberty1415 Words   |  6 PagesIndividuals, and Religious Liberty. The end of the 16th century and beginning of 17th century witnessed the departures of various European fleets setting out on their journeys westward to explore the New World. From the Pilgrims, who came to America aboard the Mayflower, to the Puritans, who later came across their sacred â€Å"city upon a hill,† hundreds of thousands of people eagerly set sail across the Atlantic Ocean on the premise of escaping the King’s tyranny and the unchecked religious persecutionRead More The Bill of Rights and Protection of Civil Liberties Essay845 Words   |  4 PagesBill of Rights and Protection of Civil Liberties When the English came to America to escape religious persecution, things commenced at a shaky start. For example, Puritans fled from England because of religious persecution. They were being physically beaten because of their religious beliefs therefore they attempted to create a Utopia or City upon a hill in the New World. There City upon a hill began with a government based on religious beliefs. It developed into a government Read MoreCivil Liberties are Constitutional Protections Against the Government1681 Words   |  7 Pagessupport rights in theory but their support may waiver when it comes time to put those rights into practice. Civil liberties are legal constitutional protections against the government, and basically, tell the government what it cannot do. Judicial interpretations shape the nature of civil liberties, and as these interpretations change over time, so do our rights. To understand the civil liberties and freedoms we have, and how they have changed, we must examine several key Supreme Court decisions. OneRead MoreEssay on Right to Religion589 Words   |  3 Pagesaccords as well as declarations. The right to religion chiefly embraces liberty of ideas on all issues, coupled with the independence to manifest religion besides the accompanying doctrines individually or with other people, not only in public but private as well. Unfortunately, at times people are compelled to leave their habitats, as a result of persecution they meet for taking a stand for what they feel is right . This research paper focuses on the right to religion in the modern society, with a particularRead MoreComparing The Declaration Of Independence, And U.s. Constitution885 Words   |  4 PagesComparison Paper In comparing Thomas Jefferson’s Letter to the Danbury Baptists, The Declaration of Independence, and U.S. Constitution, it is evident that the basis of all three documents is the idea that all human beings possess God-given fundamental rights and that government is created to protect those rights. The Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776, is the first of the three documents penned. This is important because it defined the rights of liberty and equalityRead MoreEssay on Reflection on the First Amendment1362 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the Constitution’s lack of adequate guarantees for civil liberties. 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Interestingly, religious freedom is also oneRead MoreAnalysis Of The Apostle Of Republican Liberty760 Words   |  4 PagesThe Apostle of Republican Liberty stresses the accomplishments and republican vision of Thomas Jefferson which made America become a thriving nation of small, independent farmers, avoiding manufacturing and world trade, and becoming the richest and most powerful nation in the world in the 19th century. Eugene R. Sheridan focuses on Jefferson’s influence in Americas early development. Jefferson is the greatest and most intellectually consistent founding father, both respected and criticized inRead MoreComparing The Declaration Of Independence877 Words   |  4 PagesComparison Paper In comparing the Thomas Jefferson’s Letter to the Danbury Baptists, The Declaration of Independence, and U.S. Constitution, it is evident that the basis of all three documents is the idea that all human beings possess God given fundamental rights and that government is created to protect those rights. The Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776, is the first of the three documents penned. This is of great importance because it defined the rights of liberty and

A Fools Manual to Scolarship Essay Samples Revealed

A Fool's Manual to Scolarship Essay Samples Revealed The Unusual Secret of Scolarship Essay Samples Some say it's an issue of substance, but others point to the format and writing techniques. There aren't any parameters to follow. There is equally as much info to avoid though. There is an assortment of data analysis strategies and methods. It is possible to download one particular paper each day free of charge, or share your own writings and find an unlimited accessibility to the paper base. To start with, you may create a very easy structure to be able to have a framework for the letter. The letter may be general request for information form letter that may be photocopied, but you need to be specific regarding the name of the scholarship you're inquiring about on the envelope. Every cover letter for a grant includes the analysis of private experience or relation to a specific issue. It's much better to use your own words and see to the subject employing a very clear and concise language. Remember there are some instructions that ask you to use a specific structure or format. The total format of your essay, for example, font size and margins, will solely be based on the instructions offered to you. A good example is offered below. Finding the Best Scolarship Essay Samples The main reason why it's necessary for you to make sure you will make an extensive and in depth scholarship essay is because of the benefits it can provide to your scholarship application. A sample is offered below for the better comprehension of students. The ending of your scholarship application essay has become the most significant part the piece. There's nobody way to compose a winning scholarship application. Continue reading to find eight steps to help you compose a better scholarship essay so you can find the money you must fund your international education. Instead, mention the way your education can assist your career. If you're asking for a scholarship, odds are you're likely to should compose an essay. For instance, if you're asking for a general academic scholarship, you may want to chat about a particular class you took that really piqued your interest or inspired your present academic and career objectives. The Battle Over Scolarship Essay Samples and How to Win It Have another individual preferably a person who knows the difference look over your essay as soon as you've finished. If it is a typical concept, concentrate on attempting to say it better than anyone else. It is a lot easier to compose an essay having a plan and comprehension of what and where you're referring to. For quite a few, telling a story is the simplest and best approach to compose a scholarship essay. As always, the toughest issue is just to start. You've survived the procedure so far, but medical school is just one of the most essential measures to becoming a health care provider. Show the reader you know who you are and your past and present experiences are valuable and will earn a positive influence on the future. You may talk about your past, present and future in a thorough method. There's no ideal recipe for writing an essay, but there are a few ingredients that it is possible to add to make it even more appealing. Being part of a fantastic educational institution can be very costly. There are various ways to begin an essay and all you have to do is to use one that can give the most positive impact to the men and women who will review your scholarship essay. Becoming conscious of common essay mistakes and the way to repair them can help you make an impressive scholarship essay. Amongst assorted types of essays, a scholarship essay steps from the crowd. It is a pretty brief piece of writing. Writing a scholarship essay can be quite difficult especially if you'd like to do it well. The scholarship example essay is significantly needed in giving you the correct format to earn a scholarship essay. An essay outline can help you organize the total structure of your essay. The very first sentence of an essay has to be award-winning. Your next paragraph should contain supporting details that could further talk about the topic you've presented on the very first paragraph. Don't forget your introduction, the very first paragraph of an essay, needs to be short and catchy.

A Smart System for Now and the Future Free Essays

What organization would turn away from a system which eliminated waste? In today’s business climate of doing things faster, better and at less cost and with less waste, the Lean system of management and/or manufacturing has been proven to eliminate overproduction, wasted steps and movements, unnecessary transport and conveyance times, and waiting periods. Sayer and Williams (2007) in their book, â€Å"Lean for Dummies† demonstrate the advantages of this concept. Sayer and Williams (2007) compare the Lean concept of business and organizational strategy to the physical and mental strength of the athletic or physically fit:   There is nothing there that cannot be used, no excess fat, and no waste (p. We will write a custom essay sample on A Smart System for Now and the Future or any similar topic only for you Order Now 10). Where previous business practice involved the mass production of a product to be sold to the masses, management would find they were often left with extra inventory. Inventory not sold is a lost profit potential, the inventory itself requires space to store and is yet another waste, and a surplus of inventory results in price fluctuations that may not be beneficial to the organization. With Lean thinking, the process of manufacturing or managing product development is completely customer driven with the focus on the needs of the customer and the advantage to the customer if competitive advantage is foremost. The culture of an organization, according to Sayer and Williams (2007), must value individual creativity and empowerment to secure a satisfied customer base. Lean thinking eliminates the traditional hierarchy of corporate management and embodies individual work teams where individual creativity can flourish. Lean management also reduces the risk of occupational injury by virtue of scaling back wasted steps and movements of individual employees. Continual process improvement and quality assurance monitoring embody the importance of employee empowerment to secure this satisfied customer base. Sayer and Williams (2007) underscore how Lean management systems are able to make continuous process improvements during projects or work floors by utilizing Six Sigma practices. Project management via team leaders periodically meet at their workstations or places of project development and participate in worksite analyses, value stream mapping interpretation and otherwise focus on project improvement. A project can be improved or redesigned mid-project if necessary, further boosting performance, reducing costs and increasing customer satisfaction. Using impact and effort assessments, Six Sigma practitioners can determine what is the least effort required – in terms of costs, inputs, and employee needs – to have the greatest impact to a project and, ultimately, the satisfaction to the customer. Six Sigma uses data analysis, logical cause analysis, and other trending tools to determine value-added potentials to a project (p.97.) Utilizing value stream mapping, an organization or manufacturer works toward the goal of flow, without stoppage, without broken equipment and an increase in multitasking (p. 41). Understanding flow and data will dictate where waste can be eliminated (p. 80). Henry Ford, according to Sayer and Williams (2007), was the primary pioneer of Lean manufacturing concepts. Given the technology of his day, Ford was able to increase the quality of his cars at a reduced cost to the purchasers by managing and reducing waste at his manufacturing plant (p. 17). Ford understood the value-added effects of less waste of time and effort would have on his employees and his customers (p.17). Ford understood his plant should not waste space for production, not waste the time his employees took to move about workstations or between workstations, and have the necessary tools to do the job but without excess implements that might go unused (p.44). According to Sayer and Williams (2007), Lean thinking requires a corporate or organizational culture of quality. The Toyota manufacturing system uses Lean thinking as a new paradigm of manufacturing excellence, relying on continuous improvement and thinking where everyone is a problem solver. Toyota applies â€Å"Just in Time† concepts to Lean manufacturing, where the right part is assembled by the right person at the right time (p. 35). Relying on elimination of waste as its goal, Lean thinking demands the right combination of quality and service. â€Å"The customer is willing to give you their money for your product or service only when they believe it’s a fair exchange of value,† (Sayer and Williams, 2007, p.14). The customer ultimately has a need for a particular product or service and sets the tone for meeting that need and defines the purpose of the product development or production. According to Sayer and Williams, (2007), it is imperative to identify who the customer is and to determine what the customer considers valuable in order to apply Lean concepts to an organization (p. 28). All of these concepts require constant data gathering; the tallying up of effort, process distribution, causation of outcomes, and work sampling. According to Sayer and Williams (2007), data, portrayed in a diagrammatic visual aid such as a Scatter Plot, provides conclusions and predictions about what can happen next (p. 185). Pareto Charting allows a visual representation of where are actual costs (p. 183). Lean thinking is about constant evaluation of data. Lean concepts cannot be adopted by an organization without development of a culture of trust and respect. These values must be demonstrated toward employees as well as customers. In order for management to go beyond stated or implied principles, they must demonstrate trust and respect toward employees. According to Sayer and Williams (2007), fundamental applications of Lean corporate values are demonstrated when the organization fosters â€Å"personal safety, employee security, challenges and engages employees, celebrates wins, offers continuous growth and education, exercises effective communication† (p. 215). Lean thinking is not limited to manufacturing cars or widgets. As Sayer and Williams (2007) point out, â€Å"The future of Lean across all industries are limitless† (p. 311). As Lean thinking is seen as not the next gimmick of business practice but the future of business practices, Lean practices will be seen in industries such as health care, engineering, construction, and other industries wishing to increase performance and decrease costs to achieve customer satisfaction. In the field of health care, for example, Lean practices result in reduced errors, reduced waiting times, increased staff productivity and increased patient education (p. 310). Lean practices are seen already as a method to eliminate waste, reduce cost, and those values translate to customer satisfaction in almost every industry. Lean practices have been put into place by industry leaders many years before the term ‘Lean’ was coined. Lean practices are the answer to reduced overproduction, reduced wait times, fewer steps between workstations and reduced transport times. References Sayer, N. and Williams, B (March 2007). Lean for dummies. Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing Inc.                            How to cite A Smart System for Now and the Future, Essay examples

A Smart System for Now and the Future Free Essays

What organization would turn away from a system which eliminated waste? In today’s business climate of doing things faster, better and at less cost and with less waste, the Lean system of management and/or manufacturing has been proven to eliminate overproduction, wasted steps and movements, unnecessary transport and conveyance times, and waiting periods. Sayer and Williams (2007) in their book, â€Å"Lean for Dummies† demonstrate the advantages of this concept. Sayer and Williams (2007) compare the Lean concept of business and organizational strategy to the physical and mental strength of the athletic or physically fit:   There is nothing there that cannot be used, no excess fat, and no waste (p. We will write a custom essay sample on A Smart System for Now and the Future or any similar topic only for you Order Now 10). Where previous business practice involved the mass production of a product to be sold to the masses, management would find they were often left with extra inventory. Inventory not sold is a lost profit potential, the inventory itself requires space to store and is yet another waste, and a surplus of inventory results in price fluctuations that may not be beneficial to the organization. With Lean thinking, the process of manufacturing or managing product development is completely customer driven with the focus on the needs of the customer and the advantage to the customer if competitive advantage is foremost. The culture of an organization, according to Sayer and Williams (2007), must value individual creativity and empowerment to secure a satisfied customer base. Lean thinking eliminates the traditional hierarchy of corporate management and embodies individual work teams where individual creativity can flourish. Lean management also reduces the risk of occupational injury by virtue of scaling back wasted steps and movements of individual employees. Continual process improvement and quality assurance monitoring embody the importance of employee empowerment to secure this satisfied customer base. Sayer and Williams (2007) underscore how Lean management systems are able to make continuous process improvements during projects or work floors by utilizing Six Sigma practices. Project management via team leaders periodically meet at their workstations or places of project development and participate in worksite analyses, value stream mapping interpretation and otherwise focus on project improvement. A project can be improved or redesigned mid-project if necessary, further boosting performance, reducing costs and increasing customer satisfaction. Using impact and effort assessments, Six Sigma practitioners can determine what is the least effort required – in terms of costs, inputs, and employee needs – to have the greatest impact to a project and, ultimately, the satisfaction to the customer. Six Sigma uses data analysis, logical cause analysis, and other trending tools to determine value-added potentials to a project (p.97.) Utilizing value stream mapping, an organization or manufacturer works toward the goal of flow, without stoppage, without broken equipment and an increase in multitasking (p. 41). Understanding flow and data will dictate where waste can be eliminated (p. 80). Henry Ford, according to Sayer and Williams (2007), was the primary pioneer of Lean manufacturing concepts. Given the technology of his day, Ford was able to increase the quality of his cars at a reduced cost to the purchasers by managing and reducing waste at his manufacturing plant (p. 17). Ford understood the value-added effects of less waste of time and effort would have on his employees and his customers (p.17). Ford understood his plant should not waste space for production, not waste the time his employees took to move about workstations or between workstations, and have the necessary tools to do the job but without excess implements that might go unused (p.44). According to Sayer and Williams (2007), Lean thinking requires a corporate or organizational culture of quality. The Toyota manufacturing system uses Lean thinking as a new paradigm of manufacturing excellence, relying on continuous improvement and thinking where everyone is a problem solver. Toyota applies â€Å"Just in Time† concepts to Lean manufacturing, where the right part is assembled by the right person at the right time (p. 35). Relying on elimination of waste as its goal, Lean thinking demands the right combination of quality and service. â€Å"The customer is willing to give you their money for your product or service only when they believe it’s a fair exchange of value,† (Sayer and Williams, 2007, p.14). The customer ultimately has a need for a particular product or service and sets the tone for meeting that need and defines the purpose of the product development or production. According to Sayer and Williams, (2007), it is imperative to identify who the customer is and to determine what the customer considers valuable in order to apply Lean concepts to an organization (p. 28). All of these concepts require constant data gathering; the tallying up of effort, process distribution, causation of outcomes, and work sampling. According to Sayer and Williams (2007), data, portrayed in a diagrammatic visual aid such as a Scatter Plot, provides conclusions and predictions about what can happen next (p. 185). Pareto Charting allows a visual representation of where are actual costs (p. 183). Lean thinking is about constant evaluation of data. Lean concepts cannot be adopted by an organization without development of a culture of trust and respect. These values must be demonstrated toward employees as well as customers. In order for management to go beyond stated or implied principles, they must demonstrate trust and respect toward employees. According to Sayer and Williams (2007), fundamental applications of Lean corporate values are demonstrated when the organization fosters â€Å"personal safety, employee security, challenges and engages employees, celebrates wins, offers continuous growth and education, exercises effective communication† (p. 215). Lean thinking is not limited to manufacturing cars or widgets. As Sayer and Williams (2007) point out, â€Å"The future of Lean across all industries are limitless† (p. 311). As Lean thinking is seen as not the next gimmick of business practice but the future of business practices, Lean practices will be seen in industries such as health care, engineering, construction, and other industries wishing to increase performance and decrease costs to achieve customer satisfaction. In the field of health care, for example, Lean practices result in reduced errors, reduced waiting times, increased staff productivity and increased patient education (p. 310). Lean practices are seen already as a method to eliminate waste, reduce cost, and those values translate to customer satisfaction in almost every industry. Lean practices have been put into place by industry leaders many years before the term ‘Lean’ was coined. Lean practices are the answer to reduced overproduction, reduced wait times, fewer steps between workstations and reduced transport times. References Sayer, N. and Williams, B (March 2007). Lean for dummies. Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing Inc.                            How to cite A Smart System for Now and the Future, Essay examples

Why is poverty important in contemporary security studies

Introduction One of the greatest challenges facing most economies today is lifting individuals out of poverty. This has become even more overwhelming given the financial crisis experienced a couple of years ago (Wilkin, 2002, p. 633). Approximately 1.5 billion individuals in the developing economies are poor and roughly half of this number lives in abject poverty.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why is poverty important in contemporary security studies? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, abject squalor is still a major challenge in the world (United Nations Foundations, 2004). A number of experts argue that poverty is a cause of more deaths than any other factors including armed conflicts. This insecurity takes place despite of heavy military spending by many countries across the globe. However, other causes of insecurity are attributed to the proliferation of illegal weapons and show of military/economi c power (Williams, 2008, p. 6; Booth, 1991, p. 315). Over the past twenty years, there have been more interests on the link between poverty and national security. Before that, many scholars and experts in security affairs thought the two were separate. Security was considered as defending the interest of a nation (Buzan Hansen, 2009, p. 1). Experts defined security as safeguarding the territorial integrity of a country against internal and external attacks. These include external military attacks or internal rebellion that could fragment or threaten the ruling elite (Baldwin, 1997, p. 5). Economic issues were given less priority. Poverty was downgraded to the realm of development practitioners and academics who shared the approached used by the government agencies on security matters (Buzan Hansen, 2009, p. 2). At some stage in the 90s, the conventional security plan and the conventional development plan were integrated under the blanket of universal governance (Buzan Hansen, 200 9, p. 2). Post-cold war saw changes in the global politics with conflicts shifting to the less developed economies. Conflicts in the developing economies led to an increase in humanitarian assistance. In addition, post-cold war era witnessed an increase in perceived terrorist threats and increase in regional and international economic integration with its ensuing inequities and political revolutions. All these created spaces for exploring the connection between security and poverty in long-established literatures (Buzan Hansen, 2009, p. 4).Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this day and age, scholars and experts emphasize on the need to merge security and poverty theories. Leaders of the Bretton Woods institutions and the G8 have also spoken of the probable relationship between poverty and security in numerous occasions (Collins, 2009, p. 6). The above arguments form t he basis of this essay. The essay will explore the reasons why poverty has infiltrated security studies at the policy level since 90s. In addition, the essay will explore the evolution of global security studies and evaluate the significance of poverty in the modern security studies. Evolution of Global Security Studies Global security studies are derived from security debates following the end of 2nd Word War. Initially, these debates were about how to defend the country from external and internal acts of aggression. Security was regarded as a slogan, distinguishing it from the earlier thoughts and disciplines of combat and military history (Fierke, 2007, p. 3). Most security literatures before the 2nd World War were to a large extent characterized by war and military strategies, and geopolitics. They include books written by well known writers such as Richardson, Mahan and Clausewitz among others (Buzan Hansen, 2009, p. 4). Global security studies as a field evolved through inter related concepts and theories drawn from a wide range of research programmes. It later became an integral part in the field of International Relations which was also growing at a rapid pace (Walt, 1991, p. 211; Floyd, 2007, p. 328). After the 2nd World War there was a conceptual shift to a broader set of political matters, for instance, societal cohesion and the link between combative and non-combative threats and defencelessness. This was attributed to military and ideological threats posed by the Soviet Union during the cold war (Williams, 2008 p. 14). Moving forward from 70s, the relationship between the world super powers in terms of nuclear weapons came of age. The pressure was now on broadening the global security plan beyond military and geopolitics.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why is poverty important in contemporary security studies? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, economic and environ mental security was later integrated in the wider security agenda. The global security agenda in post-cold war era was later expanded to include identity/societal security, human security, and food security among others (Buzan Hansen, 2009, p. 4). However, some of these literatures challenged state-centrism and began focusing on the significance of ideas and culture and other aspects of security (Walt, 1991, p. 214). At the moment, global security studies have broadened out into various distinct but interrelated subjects. In addition to the conventional military-centred security studies, other crucial security studies have emerged. They include feminist security studies and post-structuralism and constructivist security studies among others (Sheehan, 2005, p. 2; Floyd, 2007, p. 330). In addition, most contemporary studies on security also focus on terrorism and insurgency following 9/11 attack and the war in Afghanistan (Evans Bell, 2010, p. 371). Significance of poverty in the cu rrent security studies Baldwin (1995, p. 117) defines security (national security) in terms of external threats from state actors and non-state actors. However, Busumtwi-Sam (2002, p. 253) introduces another concept of security known as human security. Human security takes a socioeconomic dimension, for instance, lack of fundamental needs. Most of the reports submitted to the UN are advocating for human security to replace national security. On the other hand, poverty is a state of being deprived of the fundamental needs. It also includes lack of material possession or wealth (United Nations Foundations, 2004). In most cases poverty is a result of inequitable distribution of national resources, corruption and mismanagement of public funds. According to the United Nations, poverty is basically a violation of human dignity. Poverty deprives individuals of choices and opportunities as well as the fundamental right of participating in nation building (Thomas, 2000, p. 5). Williams (2008 , p. 12) argues that the pursuit of security is fundamentally about the well being of individuals. Understanding the fact that security is about human welfare, therefore poverty and security are directly correlated. Poverty and the new concept of human security are synonymous is numerous respects.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, they all focus on deprivation of an array of human entitlements such as basic needs, lack of peace, crime, and employment among others (Peoples Vaughan-Williams, 2010, p. 22). Human security is a major concern for many people on the planet. Human security is mainly attributed to the current power structures where entitlement to resources and security are determined by the ruling elite. These power structures can be identified at various levels from local to international level (Bilgin, 2003, p. 204; Abernethy, 1993, p. 417). This has led to a growth of material inequality as evident in different regions of the world or within states. This has also had a significant impact on the present-day individual experience of security and most probably the trend may carry on to the future (Bilgin, 2003, p. 205). According to a World Bank Report issued at the G8 summit held in Japan, eradication of poverty is morally imperative and a necessity for a secure nation (Panday, 2011, p . 69). Almost 100 percent of conflicts in Africa are as a result of competition for natural resources, for instance water, pasture land and political/economic marginalisation (Busumtwi-Sam, 2002, p. 254). Lower economic activities in a country also increase the prevalence of conflict. Low economic activity translates to a lower level of capital formation. As a result, the citizens are likely to remain poor and be stuck in a poverty-conflict tie. As per DFID (2005, p. 54), human beings have a tendency of harbouring hate and aggression when their standard of living remains poor or slips away. Fundamentalism may arise to fight off despondency when the reality offers no probable solution. Religious extremism and violence are highly associated with poverty. Extremism tends to flourish in regions where people are poor and unemployed (Messer, Marc Marchione, 2001, p. 13). Van Munster (2007, p. 234) argues that a wealthy but diverse society is likely to live in harmony than a diverse socie ty that is poor. Many revolutions across the world were inspired by ideologies such as unemployment and poverty (Floyd, 2007, p. 328). According to Van Munster (2007, p. 234), people have a tendency to blame others for their troubles. As a result, most of the problems even the self inflicted ones are normally blamed on the authority or government. Example of a country where population explosion together with poverty has led to civil war is the Republic of Somalia (United Nations Foundations, 2004). Accumulation of wealth by the political elite is largely associated with poverty, inequity and human rights abuses. The deprivation of the fundamental rights and freedom often leave people with two choices and that is to accept those violations or to stand up and fight (Van Munster, 2007, p. 235). This is one of the main causes of conflicts in the third world nations, especially Africa. Such conflicts are normally mobilized on religious or ethnic basis and can only end when the causes are done away with. One of the extraordinary cases in terms of the relationship between poverty and conflict was witnessed in Nepal. In the middle of the conflict, the poverty rate in the country went down by more than 10 percent. The country’s human development index also grew by 0.2 percent during the conflict. This experience is a total contrast of what would be expected during a period of war. Economists attribute this to remittance inflow into the country (Panday, 2011, p. 9). However, the level of development varied from one region to another. Regions which were worst hit by the conflict experienced the lowest socioeconomic growth as would be expected. This proves that there is some link between economic development and conflicts (Panday, 2011, p. 10). In normal circumstance, conflicts often have a negative impact on the human development index/ poverty levels (Busumtwi-Sam, 2002, p. 254). The impact may be short term or long term and they include depletion of human capita l, the destruction of physical and social infrastructure, disruption of the economic activities, increase in military expenditure, and stagnating growth of the economy among others (Floyd, 2007, p. 330). However, the irony of most conflicts is the belief by the aggressors that war is the only way to secure the rights and privileges that they are being denied by the authority (Selby Cochrane, 2002, p. 2). Conclusion Earlier security studies including Copenhagen school of security studies placed more emphasis on state-centric national security. In these studies, the government plays a difficult but pivotal role in negotiating or combating internal and external threats. However, the search for more manageable security strategies led to the broadening of the global security agenda to include societal security, individual security, and food security among others. Other critical security studies have emerged which include feminist security studies and post-structuralism and constructivis t security studies. The contemporary security studies recognize the dangers of delimiting security matters and neglecting other critical subjects such as poverty and human security. Since security is all about the well being of the people it is directly correlated with poverty. People tend to be aggressive when they are deprived of their fundamental need and rights. For that reason, they are always ready to fight till they course is realized. Most of the conflicts in the world today are a result of deprivation of the fundamental rights and freedom. This is majorly attributed to the inequitable distribution of national resources by the political elite. The security studies must encompass human security even if the theory is a mess, and rationalize poverty because the inequitable distribution of natural resources. In addition, security must be viewed from a structural point of view not politically. As a result, poverty should not only be handled from a welfare perspective but from a p olitical point of view. Well-being of individuals must be ensured by reconfiguring the link between service provisions as opposed to the provision of goods. Thus, poverty should be seen from a political and civic point of view as opposed to material needs. References Abernethy, V. (1993). Poverty, difference, and conflict. Population and Environment, 14(5), 417-419. Baldwin, D. (1995). Security Studies and the End of the Cold War. World Politics, 48 (1), 117-41. Baldwin, D. (1997). The Concept of Security. Review of International Studies, 23(1), 5-26. Bilgin, P. (2003). Individual and Societal dimensions of security. International Studies Review, 5 (2), 203-222. Booth, K. (1991). Security and Emancipation. Review of International Studies, 17 (4), 313-326. Busumtwi-Sam, J. (2002). Development and Human Security: Whose Security, and from What? International Journal, 57(2), 253-272. Buzan, B., Hansen, L. (2009). The Evolution of International Security Studies. New York: Cambridge Univ ersity Press. Collins, A. (2009). Contemporary Security Studies (2nd edn). Oxford: Oxford University Press. DFID. (2005). Fighting Poverty to build a safer world: A strategy for security and development. Palace Street, London: DFID. Evans, B., Bell, C. (2010). Terrorism to Insurgency: Mapping the Post-Intervention Security Terrain. Journal of Intervention State Building, 5 (1), 371-390. Fierke, K. M. (2007). Critical Approaches to International Security. Cambridge: Polity Press. Floyd, R. (2007). Towards a consequentiality evaluation of security: Bringing together the Copenhagen and the Welsh schools of security studies. Review of International Studies, 33, 327-350. Messer, E., Marc J.C., Marchione, T. (2001). Conflict: A cause and effect of hunger. ECSP Report, 7, 1–16. Panday, P. (2011). Interplay between conflict, poverty and remittance: The case of Nepal. International Business and Economics Research Journal, 10(2), 67-76. Peoples, C., Vaughan-Williams, N. (2010). Cri tical Security Studies: An Introduction. Oxon: Routledge. Selby, J., Cochrane, F. (2002). Global Governance: Conflict and Resistance, Basingstoke: Palgrave. Sheehan, M. (2005). International Security: An Analytical Survey. London: Lynne Rienner. Thomas, C. (2000). Global Governance, Development and Human Security, London: Pluto Press. United Nations Foundations. (2004). Development Poverty and Security. Issue for the UN High-Level Panel, May 10-11, 2004. Van Munster, R. (2007), Security on a Shoestring: A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Critical Schools of Security in Europe. Cooperation and Conflict, 42 (2), 235–243. Walt, S. (1991). The Renaissance of Security Studies. International Studies Quarterly, 35 (2), 211-239. Wilkin, P. (2002). Global Poverty and Orthodox Security. Third World Quarterly, 23 (4), 633-645. Williams, P. D. (2008). Security Studies: An Introduction. Oxon: Routledge. This essay on Why is poverty important in contemporary security studies? was written and submitted by user Neil Guy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cut in half †Communications Essay

Cut in half – Communications Essay Free Online Research Papers Cut in half Communications Essay Education is everyone’s future. People go to school for years to get the knowledge and experience for their dream job. But in every country there is a different level of expectations and pressure that lies on every student. Number of classes each day, the amount of homework to do and the pressure that every student has to go through, are just a few differences between Polish and American schools. Students in America have an easy life while students in Poland have to deal with pressure and stress every day. Living in Poland was the most special time in my life. But when I think about the school that I went to, I mostly remember tons of homework, mean teachers, and overwhelming feeling of not being ready for my classes. It was partly because I had a different schedule every day and I had around ten classes to take each semester. Each year usually started on the September 1st and ended around the June 20th. We did not have many days off, as far as I remember, we had the Independence Day, the Constitution Day, and some of the religious holidays off. We also had a Christmas Break and the two weeks of winter break in February. When I came to the U.S. I was on a sophomore level in high school. I was given a schedule that was the same for the whole week. Fortunately, I had more days off for different reasons and holidays. I started school on the August 18th and ended on the May 30th. When I was a senior we were done with high school at the beginning of May. It was amazing for me how much time I had for myself now that I changed my life so much. Days in Poland were different. When I came from school, I had six or seven classes to study for the next day. My every day was basically all about school. Not only I had to write a lot of essays, but I also had to memorize all of the new material from our books. Our books were much smaller than American ones, but they contained only the information we needed to know. I remember sitting at the kitchen table with books all around me until twelve at night. I will never forget some of my teachers with their meanest, strict looks on their faces. When they wanted to check our knowledge, they would call out one of our names, and then the chosen student had to stand up and answer all the questions the teacher asked with no looking at the books or notes. It was a stressful situation that locked all our thoughts inside, and we could not remember anything. In the United States I had enough time to do my homework at school, so I had a lot of free time afterwards. I had time for almost everything. I could watch TV, sit on the computer or go out and I did not have to worry about school any more. School was more fun, easier, much less of a big deal. Teachers made it very easy to pass every class I was taking. When I first started going to school, it was funny for me how long some teachers would explain homework problems to students, how much time they would give us for projects, and how we could use our notes while taking a quiz. It was weird how I would get a headache when I thought of studying in Poland. I had the feeling that teachers expected of us, the students, more than we have could ever known. I do not think they even knew that much as we had to know at one time. When I started high school in Poland, I was put together with a group of 28 people that were supposed to be my classmates for the next three years. We were all different and we were just getting used to the new environment. In the first month we were overwhelmed by the responsibilities that lied on our shoulders. In the next three years we were supposed to get ready for the exam of our life. It was the test that determines in Poland your level of knowledge at the age of eighteen or nineteen. Passing it would mean that we were old enough and ready to step into the real world of adult life. It was the exam in Polish Literature and writing, Math, a foreign language, and one additional subject that we could choose. It was also the most stressful moment that could ever happen to a teenager. In the United States I have a free mind, I have less stressful school days and I am surer about what to study for each day. The education is the reason why I came here. I can see that studying here can get me somewhere in my life. It might seem like I have chosen the easier way of living, but I had the opportunity to make that decision and I think I made the right one. I will never regret going to school in Poland, because the school was the reason for me to meet the most special and unique people. But it will always remain me of the stress and pressure that was always with me. If I had the money and courage, I would go to college in Poland to see if I could manage it again. I will always be cut in half when I talk about Poland and America. Research Papers on Cut in half - Communications EssayStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHip-Hop is ArtThe Spring and AutumnPETSTEL analysis of IndiaResearch Process Part OneAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

The Difference Between Extrapolation and Interpolation

The Difference Between Extrapolation and Interpolation Extrapolation and interpolation are both used to estimate hypothetical values for a variable based on other observations. There are a variety of interpolation and extrapolation methods based on the overall trend that is observed in the data. These two methods have names that are very similar.  We will examine the differences between them. Prefixes To tell the difference between extrapolation and interpolation, we need to look at the prefixes â€Å"extra† and â€Å"inter.† The prefix â€Å"extra† means â€Å"outside† or â€Å"in addition to.† The prefix â€Å"inter† means â€Å"in between† or â€Å"among.† Just knowing these meanings (from their originals in Latin) goes a long way to distinguish between the two methods. The Setting For both methods, we assume a few things. We have identified an independent variable and a dependent variable. Through sampling or a collection of data, we have a number of pairings of these variables. We also assume that we have formulated a model for our data. This may be a least squares line of best fit, or it could be some other type of curve that approximates our data. In any case, we have a function that relates the independent variable to the dependent variable. The goal is not just the model for its own sake, we typically want to use our model for prediction. More specifically, given an independent variable, what will the predicted value of the corresponding dependent variable be? The value that we enter for our independent variable will determine whether we are working with extrapolation or interpolation. Interpolation We could use our function to predict the value of the dependent variable for an independent variable that is in the midst of our data. In this case, we are performing interpolation. Suppose that data with x between 0 and 10 is used to produce a regression line y 2x 5. We can use this line of best fit to estimate the y value corresponding to x 6. Simply plug this value into our equation and we see that y 2(6) 5 17. Because our x value is among the range of values used to make the line of best fit, this is an example of interpolation. Extrapolation We could use our function to predict the value of the dependent variable for an independent variable that is outside the range of our data. In this case, we are performing extrapolation. Suppose as before that data with x between 0 and 10 is used to produce a regression line y 2x 5. We can use this line of best fit to estimate the y value corresponding to x 20. Simply plug this value into our equation and we see that y 2(20) 5 45. Because our x value is not among the range of values used to make the line of best fit, this is an example of extrapolation. Caution Of the two methods, interpolation is preferred. This is because we have a greater likelihood of obtaining a valid estimate. When we use extrapolation, we are making the assumption that our observed trend continues for values of x outside the range we used to form our model. This may not be the case, and so we must be very careful when using extrapolation techniques.